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隧道 7

水下隧道 6

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Field and laboratory experimental studies on hard-rock tunnel excavation based on disc cutter coupled

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》页码 1370-1386 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0947-0

摘要： The tunnel boring machine (TBM) is typically used in hard-rock tunnel excavation. Owing to the unsatisfactory adaptability of TBM to the surrounding rock, when crossing high-strength and high-wear strata, the TBM can easily cause defects, such as abnormal wear on cutters and overload damage to bearings, thus affecting the construction efficiency and cost. Therefore, high-pressure waterjet technology should be applied to assist in rock breaking for efficient TBM tunneling. In this study, the effects of water pressure, nozzle diameter, and nozzle speed on cutting are investigated via laboratory experiments of cutting hard rock using high-pressure waterjets. The penetration performance of the TBM under different water pressures is investigated via a field industrial penetration test. The results show that high-pressure waterjets are highly efficient for rock breaking and are suitable for industrial applications, as they can accommodate the advancing speed of the TBM and achieve high-efficiency rock breaking. However, during the operation of high-pressure waterjets, the ambient temperature and waterjet temperature in the tunnel increase significantly, which weakens the cooling effect of the cutterhead and decreases the construction efficiency of the TBM. Therefore, temperature control and cooling measures for high-pressure waterjets during their long-term operation must be identified. This study provides a useful reference for the design and construction of high-pressure water-jet-assisted cutterheads for breaking road headers.

关键词： tunnel boring machine hard-rock cutting free face disc cutter rock-cutting efficiency

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Realtime prediction of hard rock TBM advance rate using temporal convolutional network (TCN) with tunnel

Zaobao LIU; Yongchen WANG; Long LI; Xingli FANG; Junze WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第4期页码 401-413 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0823-3

摘要： Real-time dynamic adjustment of the tunnel bore machine (TBM) advance rate according to the rock-machine interaction parameters is of great significance to the adaptability of TBM and its efficiency in construction. This paper proposes a real-time predictive model of TBM advance rate using the temporal convolutional network (TCN), based on TBM construction big data. The prediction model was built using an experimental database, containing 235 data sets, established from the construction data from the Jilin Water-Diversion Tunnel Project in China. The TBM operating parameters, including total thrust, cutterhead rotation, cutterhead torque and penetration rate, are selected as the input parameters of the model. The TCN model is found outperforming the recurrent neural network (RNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) model in predicting the TBM advance rate with much smaller values of mean absolute percentage error than the latter two. The penetration rate and cutterhead torque of the current moment have significant influence on the TBM advance rate of the next moment. On the contrary, the influence of the cutterhead rotation and total thrust is moderate. The work provides a new concept of real-time prediction of the TBM performance for highly efficient tunnel construction.

关键词： hard rock tunnel tunnel bore machine advance rate prediction temporal convolutional networks soft computing construction big data

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Crack evolution of soft–hard composite layered rock-like specimens with two fissures under uniaxial compression

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第6期页码 1372-1389 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0772-2

摘要： Acoustic emission and digital image correlation were used to study the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of crack extension of soft and hard composite laminated rock masses (SHCLRM) containing double fissures under uniaxial compression. The effects of different rock combination methods and prefabricated fissures with different orientations on mechanical properties and crack coalescence patterns were analyzed. The characteristics of the acoustic emission source location distribution, and frequency changes of the crack evolution process were also investigated. The test results show that the damage mode of SHCLRM is related to the combination mode of rock layers and the orientation of fractures. Hard layers predominantly produce tensile cracks; soft layers produce shear cracks. The first crack always sprouts at the tip or middle of prefabricated fractures in hard layers. The acoustic emission signal of SHCLRM with double fractures has clear stage characteristics, and the state of crack development can be inferred from this signal to provide early warning for rock fracture instability. This study can provide a reference for the assessment of the fracture development status between adjacent roadways in SHCLRM in underground mines, as well as in roadway layout and support.

关键词： soft−hard composite layered rock mass double cracks crack evolution acoustic emission digital image correlation

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TBM施工隧洞不良地质超前预报实践——以吉林省中部城市引松供水工程为例 Article

李术才, 聂利超, 刘斌

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第1期页码 131-137 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2017.12.010

摘要：

由于隧洞掘进机（TBM）施工具有快速、安全、高效的显著优势, 采用TBM 施工的隧洞越来越多。然而，TBM 施工对地层的适应性较差，在施工过程中遭遇的诸如溶洞、断层或破碎带等不良地质，往往会造成突水突泥、塌方、卡机等灾害，严重危及施工安全。因此，提前探明掌子面前方的不良地质体及其含水情况极为重要。针对TBM 施工隧洞的复杂环境，本文以吉林引松供水工程TBM 施工隧洞为依托，综合运用地质分析、三维激发极化与地震超前地质预报方法，提出了适用于TBM 隧洞施工期的综合超前地质预报技术体系，对TBM 施工隧洞掌子面前方的溶洞、断层破碎带等不良地质进行了准确的预报。避免了隧洞突水突泥、塌方、卡机灾害的发生，对于TBM施工隧洞不良地质超前预报与TBM 安全高效掘进具有一定借鉴意义。

关键词： TBM 隧洞综合超前预报地质分析三维激发极化法地震法不良地质体

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Clogging of slurry-shield tunnel-boring machine drives in sedimentary soft rock: A case study

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0984-8

摘要： This paper presents a case study of the clogging of a slurry-shield tunnel-boring machine (TBM) experienced during tunnel operations in clay-rich argillaceous siltstones under the Ganjiang River, China. The clogging experienced during tunneling was due to special geological conditions, which had a considerably negative impact on the slurry-shield TBM tunneling performance. In this case study, the effect of clogging on the slurry-shield TBM tunneling performance (e.g., advance speed, thrust, torque, and penetration per revolution) was fully investigated. The potential for clogging during tunnel operations in argillaceous siltstone was estimated using an existing empirical classification chart. Many improvement measures have been proposed to mitigate the clogging potential of two slurry-shield TBMs during tunneling, such as the use of an optimum cutting wheel, a replacement cutting tool, improvements to the circulation flushing system and slurry properties, mixed support integrating slurry, and compressed air to support the excavation face. The mechanisms and potential causes of clogging are explained in detail, and the contributions of these mitigation measures to tunneling performance are discussed. By investigating the actual operational parameters of the slurry-shield TBMs, these mitigation measures were proven to be effective in mitigating the clogging potential of slurry-shield TBMs. This case study provides valuable information for slurry-shield TBMs involving tunneling in clay-rich sedimentary rocks.

关键词： slurry-shield TBM geological investigation clogging argillaceous siltstone TBM performance mitigation measures

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关于硬岩隧道掘进机刀盘设计的进一步研究

Jamal Rostami, Soo-Ho Chang

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第6期页码 892-904 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2017.12.009

摘要：

在隧道项目中，隧道掘进机（TBM）能否顺利施工取决于TBM 系统所有部件（从刀具到后备系统）能否正常运转，并取决于全部机车车辆的配合。而在整个TBM 系统中，刀盘是影响TBM 施工效率最为关键的因素。刀盘的设计影响到掘削效率、刀盘平衡、刀具使用寿命、主轴承/ 齿轮箱维护、出渣效果、面刀和边刀/ 排渣铲斗的磨损情况。总体来说，刀盘设计对掘进速度（ROP）、机器利用率（U）及每日进尺（AR）有重要影响。尽管当前可用文献中已就盘形滚刀、切削力、刀盘的某些设计特征做了讨论，但与本论题相关的文献却十分有限，这是因为刀盘的设计主要由隧道掘进机制造商负责，大部分设计工艺都属制造商专有，虽然本论题当前大受关注，但岩石隧道掘进机的设计对终端客户而言仍是个谜题。本文将试着阐明设计中的基本概念，虽不足以帮助读者进行成熟设计，却可助工程师与承包商理解设计步骤中的构思过程、合理设计中应注意的事项以及刀盘设计对于隧道掘进机运行及寿命周期的意义。

关键词： TBM 刀盘设计刀盘布置盘形滚刀刀具布置形式 TBM 效率

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软弱千枚岩地层围岩亚分级及支护方式研究

齐万鹏,张德华,严竞雄,史振宇

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第1期页码 98-104

摘要：

包家山隧道穿越的千枚岩地层工程地质复杂，断层多，岩体性质变化大，围岩稳定性差，遇水极易软化。依据现有围岩分级的施工方法进行施工，施工中多次出现掉块、坍塌现象。在确定包家山隧道千枚岩基本水理性质基础上，依据《铁路隧道设计规范》（TB10003-2005），运用国标《工程岩体分极标准》（GB50218-94）中岩体基本质量指标（BQ），对隧道IV、V级千枚岩进行了较为细致的分级，将IV、V级围岩分为两个亚级，建立了千枚岩围岩施工阶段亚级分级方法。获得了不同亚级的包家山千枚岩隧道施工方法，并运用该亚分级对应的

关键词：隧道施工千枚岩亚分级软化水理性质

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基于RBF神经网络的隧洞围岩变形预测方法

张俊艳,冯守中,刘东海

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第10期页码 87-90

摘要：

传统回归方法对于围岩变形时程曲线存在反弯点，这种情况的模拟具有难度。提出的基于RBF神经网络的隧道围岩变形预测方法，不仅能很好地描述复杂的围岩变形时程曲线，而且比BP神经网络具有更快的收敛速度和更好的全局搜索能力。实例研究验证了该方法的有效性与可行性。

关键词： RBF神经网络隧洞施工围岩变形预测

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大跨度双连拱公路隧道数值模拟与围岩稳定分析

任少强

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第8期页码 58-63

摘要：

公路连拱隧道是近二三十年来随着高等级公路建设发展而出现的一种隧道结构形式，具有较好的适用性和优越性，尤其适用于用地受限、山区地形复杂、道路展线困难等情况。然而，连拱隧道相对于分离隧道，施工中必然存在对围岩的多次扰动，施工难度较大。在浅埋、围岩软弱、岩溶等复杂地质条件下，这类隧道在不同施工阶段围岩的稳定性问题备受关注。以沪蓉西高速公路恩施至利川段白果坝隧道为背景，结合现场施工，利用三维弹塑性分析程序MIDAS-GTS对白果坝隧道进行了数值模拟研究，对围岩力学性状变化进行了分析，得到了隧道开挖施工中围岩的应力变化规律，针对薄弱部位提出了具体措施。

关键词：连拱隧道数值模拟围岩应力

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新建有岩爆倾向硬岩矿床采矿技术研究工作程序

郭然,于润沧

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第7期页码 51-55

摘要：

目前矿山的岩爆研究工作大都是围绕着如何预报和防治岩爆展开的，针对如何开展新建或尚未发生过岩爆矿山的岩爆研究工作不多。文章重点探讨了新建有岩爆倾向硬岩矿床开采技术研究工作程序，为建立有岩爆倾向深赋硬岩矿床采矿理论体系奠定了基础。

关键词：岩爆采矿技术工作程序

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大屯矿区深部软岩巷道非对称变形机理及控制对策研究

傅清国,邹朝阳

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第11期页码 102-106

摘要：

通过对孔庄矿工程地质情况调查与分析，结合室内岩石力学实验，运用三维数值模拟方法，研究巷道非对称变形时周围岩体的位移场分布规律，分析巷道推进到上部工作面下方时的应力分布规律。理论研究结果表明，孔庄矿－785 m水平轨道大巷非对称变形主要受其上部采空区煤柱的集中压力控制，黏土矿物遇水膨胀、岩层结构及高地应力作用进一步恶化了巷道围岩结构。该研究可为孔庄矿深部巷道非对称变形控制对策提供初步的理论依据。

关键词：深部软岩巷道非对称变形控制对策

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浅埋富水软弱围岩隧道支护受力特征及方案研究

万飞,谭忠盛,杨森森,马栋

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第8期页码 45-53

摘要：

依托关角隧道河谷浅埋段，展开富水软弱围岩隧道支护受力特征及方案的研究。对试验段的初支围岩压力、钢架应力、锚杆轴力、衬砌水压力进行现场监测，结果表明：初支应力不能得到有效控制、突水突泥塌方现象时有发生，现有的支护方案无法满足浅埋段安全施工要求。在监测数据基础上，经过综合分析，对支护方案作出调整。在Ⅴ级围岩区段，拱部120°范围设超前管棚和小导管，宽大节理掌子面超前小导管注浆加固，初期支护取消系统锚杆，采用I20 型钢钢架和拱墙设双层钢筋网；在Ⅵ级围岩区段，超前支护采用管棚工作室施作拱部180°及以下1 m范围的0°角长管棚，全断面超前水平钻孔注浆，初期支护取消系统锚杆，采用I20 型钢钢架、三台阶型钢临时横撑和双层防水板。研究成果可为河谷浅埋隧道支护方案的确定提供理论依据和基础数据，为同类工程的设计与施工决策提供借鉴。

关键词：隧道工程河谷浅埋软弱围岩支护方案现场监测

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Influence of advanced engineering measures on displacement and stress field of surrounding rock in tunnels

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0966-x

摘要： Based on significant improvements in engineering materials, three advanced engineering measures have been proposed—super anchor cables, high-strength concrete anti-fault caverns, and grouting modification using high-strength concrete-to resist fault dislocation in the surrounding rock near tunnels crossing active strike-slip faults. Moreover, single- or multiple-joint advanced engineering measures form the local rock mass-anti-fault (LRAF) method. A numerical method was used to investigate the influence of LRAF methods on the stress and displacement fields of the surrounding rock, and the anti-fault effect was evaluated. Finally, the mechanism of action of the anchor cable was verified using a three-dimensional numerical model. The numerical results indicated that the anchor cable and grouting modification reduced the displacement gradient of the local surrounding rock near the tunnels crossing fault. Furthermore, anchor cable and grouting modifications changed the stress field of the rock mass in the modified area. The tensile stress field of the rock mass in the modified anchor cable area was converted into a compressive stress field. The stress field in the modified grouting area changed from shear stress in the fault slip direction to tensile stress in the axial tunnel direction. The anti-fault cavern resisted the dislocation displacement and reduced the maximum dislocation magnitude, displacement gradient, and shear stress. Among the three advanced engineering measures, the anchor cable was the core of the three advanced engineering measures. An anchor cable, combined with other LRAF measures, can form an artificial safety island at the cross-fault position of the rock mass to protect the tunnel. The research results provide a new supporting idea for the surrounding rock of tunnels crossing active strike-slip faults.

关键词： anti-fault effect engineering measures LRAF method stress and displacement field tunnel-crossing active faults